How do I file a case against someone who is shouting, scolding, and insulting me?

Verbal abuse, including shouting, scolding, and insulting, can be considered a form of harassment or defamation in the Philippines. There are several legal actions you can take if you are a victim of such behavior.

1. Understanding the Legal Basis

In the Philippines, verbal abuse can be actionable under various legal frameworks, including defamation, unjust vexation, and harassment:

a. Defamation
Under the Revised Penal Code, defamation is classified into two categories: libel and slander. Libel pertains to written defamation, while slander pertains to spoken defamation. Slander can be classified as simple or grave, depending on the severity of the insult【5†source】.

b. Unjust Vexation
Unjust vexation, as provided under Article 287 of the Revised Penal Code, criminalizes any act that causes annoyance, irritation, or distress to another person without any legal justification【6†source】.

c. Harassment
Verbal harassment, particularly in the context of gender-based violence, is addressed under the Safe Spaces Act or Republic Act No. 11313, which penalizes unwanted sexual remarks or comments【7†source】.

2. Filing a Complaint

a. Documentation
Document the incident by taking note of the date, time, location, and nature of the verbal abuse. If possible, gather witnesses or evidence to support your case.

b. Reporting to Authorities
Report the incident to the barangay or the police. In many cases, filing a complaint with the barangay is the initial step for resolving minor disputes【8†source】.

c. Filing a Case
File a formal complaint with the appropriate court if the issue is not resolved at the barangay level. You can file a case for slander, unjust vexation, or harassment, depending on the nature of the incident.

3. Seeking Legal Advice

It is advisable to consult with a lawyer to determine the best course of action based on the specifics of your situation. A legal expert can guide you through the process and ensure your rights are protected.

4. Conclusion

Verbal abuse, including shouting, scolding, and insulting, can be addressed legally in the Philippines through defamation, unjust vexation, or harassment laws. Taking the appropriate steps to document, report, and file a complaint can help protect your rights and seek justice.