Query: How to file an affidavit of desistance in a Philippine court?

In the Philippines, an affidavit of desistance is a legal document through which a complainant states that they no longer wish to proceed with an action or charge against the accused. This document is commonly used in criminal cases, especially those that involve private crimes or where the complainant may forgive the accused, such as in cases of physical injuries, theft, or libel.

Steps to File an Affidavit of Desistance:

Drafting the Affidavit: The affidavit should be written clearly, stating the complainant's desire to withdraw the charges. It should include the case details, reasons for desistance, and a statement that the decision is made voluntarily without any coercion or compensation.
Notarization: The affidavit must be notarized to attest to the authenticity of the complainant's signature and their voluntary decision. This step requires the presence of the complainant before a notary public.
Submission to the Court: The notarized affidavit should be submitted to the court handling the case. It is essential to provide copies to the prosecuting attorney and the accused or their legal representative.
Court Consideration: The submission of an affidavit of desistance does not automatically lead to the dismissal of the case. The court has the discretion to evaluate the reasons for the withdrawal and decide whether to continue with the prosecution, especially if the evidence strongly suggests a public interest in proceeding with the case.
Impact on the Case: While an affidavit of desistance can lead to the dismissal of the charges, particularly in cases where the complainant's testimony is crucial, the decision ultimately rests with the judge or prosecutor. In offenses involving a broader public interest (e.g., corruption, drugs), the case may still proceed.

Legal Implications:

Voluntariness: It must be clear that the desistance is voluntary and free from any duress or undue influence.
Credibility: The credibility of the complainant may be questioned if they vacillate between pressing charges and withdrawing them, which can affect future legal proceedings involving the same parties.

Conclusion: An affidavit of desistance is a powerful tool in the Philippine legal system that can lead to the resolution of disputes outside of prolonged courtroom battles. However, it should be used judiciously, ensuring that it genuinely reflects the complainant’s intention and understanding of its legal consequences. Complainants are advised to consult with legal counsel to fully understand the implications of filing such an affidavit and ensure that their rights and interests are adequately protected.