Naturalization Process in the Philippines

What is the naturalization process in the Philippines?

Naturalization is the legal process by which a foreign citizen acquires Filipino citizenship. In the Philippines, there are several ways to become naturalized: through administrative, judicial, or legislative naturalization. Each of these processes involves different steps, eligibility criteria, and timelines.

Administrative Naturalization

Eligibility:

1. The applicant must be a foreigner who was born, studied, and resided in the Philippines since birth.
2. The applicant must be at least 18 years old at the time of filing the petition.
3. The applicant should have a known trade, business, or occupation that supports them and their dependents.

Process:

1. Filing a Petition - The applicant submits a verified petition to the Office of the Special Committee on Naturalization (SCN).
2. Clearances - The petition is reviewed by the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA), Bureau of Immigration (BI), and the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI).
3. Approval or Denial - The SCN reviews the petition and issues a decision.

Administrative naturalization is governed by Republic Act 9139【7†source】【11†source】.

Judicial Naturalization

Eligibility:

1. The applicant must have resided in the Philippines for at least ten years.
2. The applicant must be of good moral character and believe in the Philippine Constitution.

Process:

1. Filing a Petition - The applicant files a petition with a Regional Trial Court (RTC).
2. Intention - The applicant must file an intention to become a Filipino citizen with the Office of the Solicitor General, followed by a one-year waiting period.
3. Court Proceedings - The RTC reviews the petition, which usually takes about three and a half years from filing the intention.

Judicial naturalization is governed by Commonwealth Act No. 473【5†source】.

Legislative Naturalization

Legislative naturalization is a process where Congress grants citizenship through an act of legislation. This method is reserved for individuals who have made significant contributions to the Philippines. A naturalization bill is filed in Congress, passed through three readings in both houses, and, if approved, is signed into law by the President. Notable examples include Republic Act No. 10148, which granted citizenship to Marcus Douthit, a basketball player【12†source】.

Key Steps in the Naturalization Process

1. Review Eligibility: The applicant should ensure they meet the necessary qualifications.
2. Document Preparation: The applicant must prepare relevant documents like birth certificates, marriage certificates, and police clearances【9†source】.
3. Filing: The applicant files the application with the appropriate authority, either SCN, RTC, or Congress【6†source】.
4. Clearances: The applicant undergoes background checks and clearances.
5. Hearing or Approval: The application is reviewed in a hearing or approved by the relevant authority.
6. Oath-Taking: Successful applicants take an oath of allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines.

Conclusion

Naturalization in the Philippines is a structured and thorough process that requires understanding of the legal requirements and careful preparation. Whether through administrative, judicial, or legislative means, it involves gathering documents, undergoing clearances, and taking an oath of allegiance. For more detailed guidance and assistance, it is advisable to consult legal experts specializing in naturalization【8†source】【14†source】.