Dear Attorney,

I met someone online who now threatens to post a sensitive video of me unless I pay money. I sent money out of fear, but now I cannot reach the person. I have their phone number, some pictures, and their deactivated Facebook account. Can I take legal action to stop this person from blackmailing me? I am really worried they might still post the video. Please help.

Sincerely,
A Distressed Student

Insights

In the Philippines, the situation described falls under extortion and grave coercion. Both involve the use of threats to compel a person to act against their will, such as paying money or engaging in other forms of compliance.

Grave Coercion under Article 286 of the Revised Penal Code states that any person who, without authority of law, forces another to do something, whether right or wrong, through violence or intimidation, can be held criminally liable. In this case, the threat to release a sensitive video unless money is paid constitutes intimidation.
Extortion is further covered under Article 294 of the Revised Penal Code, as a form of robbery with violence or intimidation. The perpetrator's demand for money in exchange for not posting the video is a clear act of extortion, punishable by law.
Additionally, under Republic Act No. 10175, or the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012, cyber extortion is a criminal offense. Any act of threatening to release explicit material online to extract money or other favors from a person is a form of cybercrime. If the crime is committed online, penalties are more severe under this act.
Actions to Take
Victims of extortion or grave coercion should immediately seek legal assistance. Law enforcement agencies can be involved to track down the perpetrator using the provided phone number and other available information. The victim can also file charges under the Cybercrime Prevention Act and the Revised Penal Code to prevent further exploitation.

It is important to note that keeping a record of all communications and transactions with the perpetrator can be crucial in establishing the case. Victims may also seek protective measures to ensure the security of their private information.